Friday, May 7, 2010

Exam #4 Questions

1. Which of the following is NOT one of the three stages in buzz marketing?
a. Inoculation
b. Incubation
c. Introduction
d. Infection

2. This type of consumer promotion requires skill, and participants need to perform some type of activity.
a. Rewards
b. Contests
c. Sweepstakes
d. Premiums

3. Expressing guilt and recognizing inappropriate behavior is an element of what kind of marketing strategy?
a. Apology Strategy
b. Cause-Related Marketing
c. Green Marketing Strategy
d. Impression Management

Answers: 1=c, 2=b, 3=a

Friday, April 23, 2010

The Atmosphere of Hollister


Hollister. When people hear this brand name there is typically an immediate association with a particular image and a perception of what the store is like. Although many people are aware of what type of merchandise Hollister sells, going inside the store allows consumers to experience the atmosphere and gain a deeper awareness of the brand’s image. Hollister has a very unique atmosphere and feel. The outside of the store alone exudes an undeniable relaxed surfer vibe. The surf hut style and huge poster of sexy models are displayed outside of each Hollister along with two vintage chairs and magazines. Once a person walks through the stylistically designed store front, that same cool, relaxed image is echoed throughout the entire store.

The first thing you notice when you walk into Hollister is: it’s dark and there’s really loud music playing. This music has an undeniable California feel, and the obvious lack of fluorescent lighting creates a laid back atmosphere. By taking a left at the entrance, you will enter the “Bettys” or female side, and to the right is the “Dudes” or male section of apparel. As you move deeper inside of the store, you will notice that the walls are adorned with large posters of beautiful, mostly white models clad in limited amounts of clothing. Every mannequin in the store is headless and is made out of a tan fabric and dressed in various Hollister outfits with a female mannequin typically standing in front of a male mannequin. These posters and mannequins work together to convey the idea that Hollister clothes will make you pretty, popular, and cool.


Looking around at the other consumers in the store, I noticed that most of them were white, assumedly upper-middle class girls, ranging from middle school to college age. There were fewer boys, and these shoppers also seemed to be high school or college aged students. According to an employee, their target age group are consumers between the ages 12 and 18. These employees, all dressed in Hollister gear, casually greeted me as I entered the store and asked if I needed any help, but then left me to my own devices and were distant. Most of the employees were folding clothes, while one worker managed the cash register. Each worker was aloof and they portray the Hollister brand as superior in the character of the worker and the clothing.


Hollister is a niche store that has a defined style and targets a very specific consumer. What works and what does not work about this store is the same: the atmosphere. Hollister has a unique atmosphere that is beneficial to the store because from a juvenile standpoint it acts as a cool hangout spot for shoppers. This is because it goes beyond merely a clothing store and creates a culture. Hollister sets up the idea that this store is a trendy surf shop by playing indy and alternative rock music and by providing abundant areas to sit and relax in comfortable chairs. It further differentiates itself from the “clothing stores their parent’s buy from” by having extreme sports magazines and selling CD's of the band they play over the stereos. However, this atmosphere is not accessible to the widest range of possible consumers. By implanting a piece of Southern California surf culture approximately 3000 miles away from the Pacific Ocean it achieves the very definition of fake, which automatically is a turnoff to many buyers. Furthermore, requiring flashlights to see the merchandise and having employees that barely communicate with you only adds to people’s disdain for the company. Possibly the most damaging aspect of the Hollister store itself is the overtly sexual images portrayed by young people. The reason this is so hurtful to Hollister is because most people that shop there are young teenagers that are completely dependent upon their parents, and these multiple sexual images reflect the style of the clothes. By removing these more controversial elements, Hollister may open itself up to being a more widely bought brand, however it would lose the style that made it popular to begin with.

Wednesday, April 7, 2010

Exam #3 Questions

1. If Crest created a commercial stating that "4 out 5 dentists preferred Crest over any other brand," Crest is using what type of executional framework?
a) Testimonial
b) Slice-of-Life
c) Authoritative
d) Demonstration

2. The number or percent of people, households, or businesses in a target audience exposed to a media vehicle or message at least once during a given time period is what?
a) Reach
b) Frequency
c) Opportunities to See (OTS)
d) Gross Rating Points

3. Which of the following is NOT an incentive?
a) financial incentive
b) store incentive
c) convenience incentive
d) value incentive

(Answers: 1=c, 2=a, 3=b)

Friday, April 2, 2010

Product Placement in Movies

Product placement is commonly used in films as a source for alternative advertising. In some films product placement is seamlessly incorporated into the movie and doesn't seem intrusive or forced in a particular situation. At the same time, some movies excessively use this form of advertising and it becomes more obvious and seems unnecessary to the viewer. After watching a short YouTube video featuring product placement in films, I was able to see some of the most obvious examples of product placement in movies such as: Sex and the City, Superman, Casino Royale, Spiderman, I am Legend, Transformers, Bad Boys 2, and Iron Man. While I had seen four of these movies before, I hadn't noticed how commonly advertisements are used in films until I was directly looking for it.

As I watched this YouTube video and looked for product placement, I noticed ads for Sprint, Louis Vuitton, Netflix, Chanel, and Starbucks in the movie Sex and the City. These products stuck out to me because they were all brands I had heard of and were either part of the dialogue or being actively used by a lead character in the movie. In the next clip of the video, Superman, I noticed Marlborough and Coca-Cola because they were shown as huge outdoor ads and were both directly incorporated into the action of the film. As with many James Bond movies, product placement was heavily used in Casino Royale, but the main products I noticed were Sony Ericsson cell phones and Ford vehicles. The next film featured in this YouTube video was Spiderman. Even though I have seen this movie numerous times, I had never focused on the product placement that is used when Peter Parker tests out his new spider-like web powers on a Dr. Pepper can. Another scene in this movie that uses product placement is when the Green Goblin comes to wreak havoc on the citizens of New York. In this clip, a variety of billboard advertisements including companies such as Prudential and Samsung were shown, but I hadn't previously noticed these brands being advertised. Following this film, product placement in the movie Transformers was featured. Although I have not seen this film, the clip gave me the impression that product placement was not as smoothly integrated into the story, but rather more obviously used. This was apparent at times such as when Megan Fox's character is sitting in front of a giant Burger King sign, the close-up shot of a Panasonic memory card, and the close-ups of a Porsche and Chevrolet vehicle. For some companies, I noticed that their products were being promoted in multiple movies, such as Bad Boys 2 promoting Ford cars, and Iron Man's Tony Stark holding a Burger King sandwich, which suggests that these companies utilize product placement often.

One particular product that really stuck out to me was the Louis Vuitton bag featured in Sex and the City. In this movie, the meaning of the handbag develops as Jennifer Hudson's character, Louise, explains to Carrie (Sarah Jessica Parker) that she rents high-end fashion purses from top designers. This brand also becomes significant later when Carrie gives Louise her very own Louis Vuitton bag. In our culture, the brand Louis Vuitton is associated with expensive, chic, luxurious products that only the wealthy can afford. In this film, Louis Vuitton is targeted towards fashionable women that are interested in up-scale designer handbags. Although it is targeted to the more successful woman, it is also targeted to middle-class women because Louise mentions that she rents her purses through Bag Borrow or Steal. After watching Sex and the City and seeing this YouTube video, Louis Vuitton does seem like a luxurious product that is reputable and fashionable. Although I like this brand, the video did not make me prefer this product over other designer handbags. Even though I like how they created a story with this product in the movie, there are other designer brands that, although I may not be able afford, I would prefer.

As more consumers find ways to avoid conventional advertisements, product placement in movies and television has become more prevalent. Although many companies integrate their products successfully into movies, it is important that companies do not overuse this alternative form of advertising. While it's often beneficial for an actor or popular character to promote a product in a noninvasive way, this alternative could become problematic if it is exploited to the point of irritation.

Friday, March 26, 2010

Media Diary

Advertisements are everywhere. We are commonly exposed to advertisements through a variety of media such as television commercials, print ads in magazines and newspapers, flashing icons on the internet, and even applications on cell phones. In a world surrounded by advertisements, it has become a huge challenge for ads to break through the clutter and be noticed by consumers. Today, we have practically become immune to all of the advertisements around us, and are continuing to find ways to avoid their messages. We have learned to tune out television commercials during TV shows, or entirely evade them with DVR recorders. We flip past the print advertisements in magazines, and ignore the annoying banner that flashes on the webpage as we browse the internet. By being exposed to so many ads, we barely pay attention to the “best” product of the season that we “need” to have. While we all realize that we avoid advertisements to an extent, I was able to recognize the forms of media that exposed me to captivating ads by keeping track of my media usage for two days and recording what messages I noticed.

By collecting information on my media usage, I realized that most of the advertising messages I noticed were commercials on TV programs that I had not recorded. Since I typically use the internet and watch TV every day, I am exposed to advertisements through these two mediums the most. However, even though I use the internet daily, I rarely notice advertisements because they are more annoying than effective. On the other hand, I am much more likely to notice a TV commercial that captures my attention during shows such as House, American Idol, or Grey’s Anatomy, which I usually watch when they originally air rather than record. During shows such as these, I am most likely to notice and remember advertisements that use either humor or music appeals. Funny commercials, such as Old Spice’s current ad, are enjoyable and effective because I not only notice the ad, I remember it. When a commercial uses humor well, I want to watch the advertisement rather than change the channel. Also, some of the most effective commercials use music. Hearing a song, such as in an iPod+iTunes commercial, immediately grabs my attention and causes me to be more interested in the advertisement. Commercials that use music are so successful because in addition to the song getting stuck in my head, I also am more likely to remember the product.

Creating an innovative advertisement is not an easy task, but can become simpler if you understand how to effectively reach your target audience. Based on my media usage and the messages that I notice, the best way to target me would be through TV commercials. Since I often record TV shows, it can be challenging for an ad to connect with me unless I am watching a program as it airs. Shows that I am watching live, such as American Idol, can be the best programs to run advertisements on, but I still will only notice an ad if it captures my attention. In order to reach me, an advertisement typically must involve humor or music and should always be fun. Accessing a target audience is difficult, but by keeping track of the media and advertising messages I notice, I have realized what ads impact me.

Wednesday, March 3, 2010

Exam #2 Questions

1. Which of the following is not one of the three advertising theories?
a) hierarchy of effects model
b) product attribute model
c) means-end chain theory
d) visual and verbal images theory
Answer: b (product attribute theory)

2. A universal language that makes global ads possible and transcends cultural barriers is known as what?
a) concrete images
b) image processing
c) visual esperanto
d) advertising appeal
Answer: c (visual esperanto)

3. Appealing to humor in an advertisement is effective at doing what?
a) cutting through the clutter
b) getting attention
c) keeping attention
d) all of the above
Answer: d (all of the above)

Thursday, February 25, 2010


PRODUCT: Gatorade

Gatorade is a popular sport drink that rehydrates athletes and quenches their thirst. With the growing competition against Gatorade, this company needs to provide information to increase customer traffic and uphold its position as a leader in this industry.

The target audience for Gatorade is athletic males and females from 15-30 years-old. Gatorade drinkers are competitive, strong, and motivated workers that train hard and love what they do. The best athletes are strong leaders that know what they want and how to go about reaching their goals. These individuals like to develop their craft, but also enjoy other activities that allow them to relax and take a break from their practices and games. When they are competing, these athletes are submerged in their sport, but their competitive nature does not subside outside of the game. Athletes are constantly striving to get better and find competition in the simplest of games. This group of individuals needs to be targeted in a way that is accessible to a hard working person that finds joy in competition and winning.

As a key way to market Gatorade, advertisements should convey the idea that this product is the best sport drink for athletes that want to go above and beyond their opponents. While opposing players are losing energy, Gatorade promises to refuel its drinker while maintaining their athletic performance as the competition runs out of steam. Toting the Gatorade brand as the “G Series,” advertisements should fit in with this idea that Gatorade is a cool brand for serious competitors. Showing victorious athletes poor a cooler of Gatorade all over their coach and excelling at their sport by using this product will connect emotionally with consumers and empower them to want to buy Gatorade. Through strong emotional advertisements that portray athletic achievement, Gatorade can successfully offer a strong product for a strong consumer that will help them achieve their goals.

As the best sport drink available, Gatorade is able to refresh an athlete not only with a cool beverage, but also with electrolytes and carbohydrates needed to sustain a high level of performance. Although it was originally designed for the Florida Gators in the 1960s, Gatorade has become synonymous with great athletes of practically all sports such as: Michael Jordan, Mia Hamm, Derek Jeter, Serena Williams, and Peyton Manning. In addition to these prominent athletes that support Gatorade, this sport drink also offers a variety of flavors and options that all people can enjoy to refuel and be a champion.

The constraints of Gatorade sport drinks are that this product must state all of its nutritional information and clarify that athletes are not immune to overworking their bodies in extreme game-play situations. Also, legal constraints such as the logo and trademarks of Gatorade will be placed in television and print advertisements that cannot be reproduced by other companies. Gatorade is a unique product that many sport drinks try to copy, but ultimately can never duplicate.